Abstract
TiO2@yeast-carbon microspheres with raspberry-like morphology were fabricated based on the pyrolysis method. The obtained products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Effects of initial dye concentration and contact time on adsorption capacity of TiO2@yeast-carbon for cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye congo red (CR) were investigated. Experimental data were described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models, respectively. It was found that the equilibrium data of MB adsorption were best represented by Koble-Corrigan, and CR adsorption was best described by both Freundlich and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models. The kinetic data of MB and CR adsorption fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The results demonstrated that TiO2@yeast-carbon microspheres achieved favorable removal for the cationic MB in comparison with that for the anionic CR. In addition, regeneration experimental results showed that TiO2@yeast-carbon exhibited good recycling stability, reusability, and in situ renewability, suggesting that the as-prepared TiO2@yeast-carbon might be used as the potential low cost alternative for recalcitrant dye removal from industrial wastewater. One possible mechanism for regenerating dye-loaded TiO2@yeast in situ was also proposed.
Highlights
Organic dyes are widely and frequently used in various industries as textile, printing, petroleum, paper, and rubber [1, 2]
TiO2@yeast-carbon with raspberry-like structure was successfully prepared based on pyrolysis method and was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
The synthetic TiO2@yeast-carbon was used as adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions, respectively
Summary
Organic dyes are widely and frequently used in various industries as textile, printing, petroleum, paper, and rubber [1, 2]. Some physical or chemical strategies have been attempted to remove dye contaminants from water, including adsorption [5], advanced oxidation process (AOP) [6], membrane filtration [7], ozonation [8], and coagulationflocculation [9]. Among the above-mentioned technologies, adsorption has been proven to be one of the most efficient and reliable methods for removing dyes from aqueous solution because of its flexibility, high efficiency, ease of operation, simplicity of design, and insensitivity to toxic pollutants [10]. A wide variety of low cost and available materials, such as bentonite [11], fly ash [12], clay [13], active carbon [14], and agriculture wastes [15, 16], have been exploited for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions
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