Abstract
Soil has long been utilized as low cost liner material to prevent contamination from leachate to groundwater media. To find a suitable soil material for this purpose is a great challenge. This study describes the potential use of residual soil to functions as engineered clay liner for waste disposal landfill in Malaysia. Three types of residual soils were investigated namely marine clays (SBMC1, SBMC2), Residual Granites (BGR, KGR) and residual meta-sediments (BBMS1, BBMS2 and PMS). Physical and chemical tests were applied for both granitic soils to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil materials. Physical and chemical tests involved grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, pH, organic content, specific gravity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Specific Surface Area (SSA) as well as Batch Equilibrium Test for adsorption of heavy metals. The best potential soil materials for clay liner is the materials that have high pH value, high organic matter, high liquid and plastics limits, high CEC and SSA values. The best material also highly dominated with clay (in this case PKMC, SBMC1 and SBMC 2). Result show the range of pH values are from 6.95-8.36, range of organic content are from 4.35-6.41%, the specific conductivity values range from 2.13-2.34 and for liquid limit and plastic limit range are from 56.40-84 and 26.86-59.35% respectively; which is high to very high plasticity. Residual soils as low-cost adsorbent materials were also used for removal of Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions. Batch test was used and the effect of heavy metal concentration was studied. Results were analyzed using adsorption isotherm models (i.e., Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich). Based on the correlation coefficient (r2 values), most of residual soils fitted nicely to Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich models. For Ni, most soils fitted to Langmuir models except for meta-sediment while for Zn fitted to Linear model. Marine clay has the highest adsorption coefficient ranged between KL = 0.2380-0.9655
Highlights
IntroductionLandfill; which is an engineered waste disposal site with specific pollution control is designed to minimize pollution
Solid wastes are part of environmental pollution’s contributor
Based on particle size distribution granitic residual soils have high percentage of sand ranged from 46-63%, followed by meta-sediment residual soil which have ranged between 5-46% of sand while marine clay has the least of sand percentage ranged between 1-46%
Summary
Landfill; which is an engineered waste disposal site with specific pollution control is designed to minimize pollution. Engineered clay liners are utilized to Malaysia sanitary landfill by using the compacted clay to prevent the seepage and remove heavy metals commonly found in landfill leachate. Heavy metals are difficult to remove from environment unlike other pollutant that chemically or biologically degraded (Komy et al, 2013). The capacity of natural soil to adsorb heavy metals has been study and published by many researchers (Antoniadis et al, 2007; Zuhairi et al, 2008). The objectives of this study are to investigate the attenuation capability of natural geologic material based on chemical-physical and adsorption properties and proposed the best materials that function as engineered clay liner for landfill application
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