Adsorption of Deoxynivalenol (DON) from Corn Steep Liquor (CSL) by the Microsphere Adsorbent SA/CMC Loaded with Calcium.

Ahmed Shalapy,Sana Ullah,Shujian Huang,Shuangqing Zhao,Yifei Li,Chenxi Zhang,Hairong Geng,Gang Wang,Yang Liu

doi:10.3390/toxins12040208

Abstract

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in animal feed is a serious issue for the livestock industry. Approaches using mycotoxin adsorbents are key to decreasing mycotoxin carryover from contaminated feed to animals. In this paper, a novel functional microsphere adsorbent comprising an alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium composite loaded with calcium (SA/CMC-Ca) was prepared by an emulsification process to adsorb DON from polluted corn steep liquor (CSL) containing DON at a concentration of 3.60 μg/mL. Batch experiments were conducted under different experimental conditions: CSL volumes, reaction times, desorption times, and microsphere recyclability. Results showed that 5 g of microspheres reacted with 5 mL of DON-polluted CSL for 5 min, the microspheres can be recycled 155 times, and the maximum DON adsorption for the microspheres was 2.34 μg/mL. During recycling, microspheres were regenerated by deionized water every time; after the microspheres were cleaned, DON in the deionized water was degraded by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 70 °C for 1 h at pH 12. The mechanism for physical adsorption and hydrogen bonding was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the microsphere adsorbent SA/CMC-Ca adsorbs DON. Therefore, we suggest that using microsphere absorbents would be a possible way to address DON-contaminated CSL issues in animal feed.

Highlights

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a type B trichothecene, is a secondary toxic compound generated by Fusarium species and has an epoxide group between C12 and C13 that represents various toxic effects of this molecule (Figure 1) [1]
Of DON in corn steep liquor (CSL) was adsorbed by the microspheres
The following results suggest that microsphere adsorbents can adsorb DON from CSL

Summary

Introduction

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a type B trichothecene, is a secondary toxic compound generated by Fusarium species and has an epoxide group between C12 and C13 that represents various toxic effects of this molecule (Figure 1) [1]. Toxins 2020, 12, 208 widespread polluting toxins to contaminate food and feed [2]. Cereals such as wheat, barley, maize, oats, and rye are mainly contaminated with DON [3]. DON can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction in monogastric animals (i.e., vomiting, diarrhea, and refusal to eat) and result in decreased animal performances [4,5]. High doses of DON immunosuppression in animals can cause circulatory shock and can even lead to death [6]. DON affects the production performance of livestock and, results in economic losses

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