Abstract
This work demonstrates the potential of Fe-modified biochar for the treatment of arsenic (As) simulated wastewater and the monitoring of adsorption in real-time. Specifically, we propose the utilization of date-palm leaves for the production of biochar, further modified with Fe in order to improve its adsorption function against inorganic pollutants, such as As. Both the original biochar and the Fe-modified biochar were used for adsorption of As in laboratory batch and column experiments. The monitoring of the biochar(s) performance and As treatment was also enhanced by using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method, offering real-time monitoring, in addition to standard chemical monitoring. Both the original and the Fe-modified biochar achieved high removal rates with Fe-modified biochar achieving up to 98% removal of As compared to the 17% by sand only (control). In addition, a correlation was found between post-adsorption measurements and SIP measurements.
Highlights
The monitoring of the biochar(s) performance and As treatment was enhanced by using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method, offering real-time monitoring, in addition to standard chemical monitoring
Preliminary screening of the As(V) removal rates for the date palm leaves (DPL) and the raw biochars after 120 min showed that BC-300 was not effective in removing As(V), whereas BC-500 and BC-800 demonstrated the ability to adsorb As(V) by 15% and 22%, respectively
This can be expected due to greater porous structure formed in biochar produced at higher temperatures, as reviewed by other similar research studies [57]
Summary
The monitoring of the biochar(s) performance and As treatment was enhanced by using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method, offering real-time monitoring, in addition to standard chemical monitoring. The supply of water largely depends on extraction from non-renewable groundwater aquifers and seawater desalination to meet the increasing demand for municipal, agricultural, and industrial uses [1,2]. Protecting these limited sources from contamination is of prime concern to the water authorities. Adsorption, oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, and membrane separation to remove As from groundwater have been investigated [10]. Most of these technologies have several short comings related to efficiency and cost [11,12,13,14]. Studies have shown that biomass-based adsorbents can be and reproducibly prepared, show excellent adsorption performance, and can be recovered and reused in subsequent runs [15,16]
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