Adsorption of an antiseptic in a functionalized fixed-bed: Analysis of breakthrough scenarios and validation of simplistic models defending a novel proposition

Abstract

BackgroundChlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and cetrimide, which are widely used in various pharmaceutical compositions, are considered potentially hazardous compounds. This combination was largely used during and after Covid 19 pandemic for sanitization. Removal of these two compounds from pharmaceutical waste-water with commercial and functionalized activated carbon in a packed bed column is reported. MethodsEffects of changes in bed height, flow rate, and initial concentration on the performance of the packed bed are analyzed using Yoon-Nelson, BDST and Thomas models for commercial scale-up operation. The effects of primary design parameters like bed depth and operating parameters like inflow rate and inlet concentration of influent wastewater are studied on the extent of removal of cetrimide and chlorhexidine gluconate. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is functionalized using HF and NH4OH. The extent of enhanced adsorption using the functionalized GAC is demonstrated using breakthrough curves. Significant findingsK. H. Chu's iconic proposition is validated. Breakthrough time (BT) increases with bed heights and it is less in the case of cetrimide as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. This shows that cetrimide wins in the competition and occupies the pores much faster than CHG.Mostly, BT-CHG (GAC) < BT-CHG (FAC-HF) < BT-CHG (FAC-NH3) and BT-cetrimide (GAC) < BT-cetrimide (FAC-NH3) < BT-cetrimide (FAC-HF) for a particular bed height.BT−CHG(FAC−HF)BT−cetrimide(FAC−HF)<BT−CHG(FAC−NH3)BT−cetrimide(FAC−NH3)<BT−CHG(GAC)BT−cetrimide(GAC)