Abstract
BackgroundThe mechanistic and adsorptive component of petroleum produced water (PPW) coagulation has been studied, using novel Egeria radiata shell extract (ERSE). MethodsPhysiochemical and instrumental characterization of the precursor (Egeria Radiata Shell, ERS) and bio-coagulant were studied. Effects of process parameters on treatment efficiency and rate-determining step for the particles decontamination were investigated. The coag-flocculation data obtained were analyzed in the light of adsorption kinetics, mechanistic modeling, isotherm and thermodynamics studies. Significant findingsEvidenced results from the characterization showed that extracted coagulant (ERSE) possessed significant properties required to drive surface phenomenon process. Surface morphology and thermo-gram profile revealed significant porosity and thermal stability, respectively for ERSE. The highest adsorption capacity of 2068.132 mg/g was obtained at 5 g/L, 30 min, pH 4 and 45 °C. The adsorption regime was spontaneous, physically predominated and best described by the pseudo second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process to be endothermic and entropy driven. High grade ERSE successfully demonstrated adequate treatment of the PPW at 90.9% efficiency, while maintaining significant influence of adsorption on the coagulation process. Moreover, the total cost of treating 1 L of PPW (involving material cost and electricity) was determined to be 3.8 $. Also, the costs of ERSE optimal dosage of 5 g/L preparation and energy are 0.3 and 3.5 $, respectively. Summarily, ERSE can be applied in effective decontamination of PWW.
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