Abstract
The Silica monolith particles (SMP) were prepared from Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate (TMOS) and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface area analyzer. FTIR analysis showed the Si−O stretching confirming SMP formation. SEM analysis provided information about the mean diameter of SMP (1−5 µm). EDX confirmed the presence of silicon and oxygen in the SMP. Moreover, the calculated surface area for SMP was found to be around 367 m2/g, whereas BJH pore size distributed particles were 87.15 along with the total pore volume and pore radius of 0.073 cm3/g and 16.627 Å, respectively. Besides, the removal efficiency was found to be about 96%. Various kinetic equations were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. Overall, the results show that the most appropriate model for the kinetics data was the pseudo-second order kinetics model while the mechanism of adsorption was best explained by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest removal of Basic Red 5 dye after 120 min at 298 K was 576 mg/g. Moreover, the thermodynamics parameters (Enthalpy, Gibb’s energy, and Entropy) were also estimated. The ΔH° (0.995 kJ/mol) value depicted the endothermic nature of the process. The non-spontaneous aspect of the process was evident from the ΔG° values which were 60.431, 328.93, and 339.5 kJ/mol at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively. From the high removal efficiency value, it can be concluded that the prepared adsorbent can be a potential adsorbent in the reclamation of dyes from wastewater.
Highlights
The fast growing field of nanotechnology is striving to produce nano-sized materials with the desired properties to be used in various fields
The values of R 2 were close to 1, which showed that the data obtained by the adsorption of the dye on the Silica monolith particles (SMP) were well adjusted by the power function kinetics model
The adsorption of Basic Red 5 was explored as a function of time
Summary
The fast growing field of nanotechnology is striving to produce nano-sized materials with the desired properties to be used in various fields Such attempts have been frequently made from the last decades by scientists due to their wide applications in catalysis, adsorption, bio-analytical, biotechnological, and biomedical processes [1]. Due to the non-biodegradable and recalcitrant nature of dyes, biological and chemical techniques have not been proved effective in dye removal from water. Low-cost approaches such as adsorption are required to remove these dyes from the textile effluents [10] Modern technologies such as membranes separation are quite effective in the removal of pollutants from water, but are associated with high cost of operations in terms of electricity and frequent cleaning, making them non practical to be used worldwide. Different isotherm and kinetics models were applied to estimate the values of different adsorption parameters
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