Abstract
The feasibility of using potassium-type zeolite (K-type zeolite) prepared from coal fly ash (CFA) for the removal of Hg2+ from aqueous media and the adsorption/desorption capabilities of various potassium-type zeolites were assessed in this study. Potassium-type zeolite samples were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of CFA at different intervals (designated CFA, FA1, FA3, FA6, FA12, FA24, and FA48, based on the hours of treatment) using potassium hydroxide solution, and their physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Additionally, the quantity of Hg2+ adsorbed was in the order CFA, FA1 < FA3 < FA6 < FA12 < FA24 < FA48, in the current experimental design. Therefore, the hydrothermal treatment time is important to enhance the adsorption capability of K-type zeolite. Moreover, the effects of pH, temperature, contact time, and coexistence on the adsorption of Hg2+ were elucidated. In addition, Hg2+ adsorption mechanism using FA48 was demonstrated. Our results indicated that Hg2+ was exchanged with K+ in the interlayer of FA48 (correlation coefficient = 0.946). Finally, adsorbed Hg2+ onto FA48 could be desorbed using a sodium hydroxide solution (desorption percentage was approximately 70%). Our results revealed that FA48 could be a potential adsorbent for the removal of Hg2+ from aqueous media.
Highlights
The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, such as clean water and sanitation (Goal 6) and life below water (Goal 14), were adopted by all member states of the UnitedNations in 2015 [1], to establish a sustainable society, which is a matter of global concern
These characteristics are related to the parameters of hydrothermal treatment, such as heat temperature, pressure, solution alkalinity, activation solution to coal fly ash (CFA) ratio, and formation process [18]
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that CFA was mainly composed of mullite and quartz
Summary
The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, such as clean water and sanitation (Goal 6) and life below water (Goal 14), were adopted by all member states of the UnitedNations in 2015 [1], to establish a sustainable society, which is a matter of global concern. The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, such as clean water and sanitation (Goal 6) and life below water (Goal 14), were adopted by all member states of the United. Heavy metal pollution has become a severe global environmental issue, including in the developing countries. Mercury (Hg2+ ), lead (Pb2+ ), and cadmium (Cd2+ ) are referred to as the “big three” heavy metals with the greatest potential risk to human health and water environment [2,3,4]. They are highly toxic to organisms [5]. The maximum permissible limit of Hg in drinking water as recommended by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and many
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