Abstract
Modern radiological technology has transformed the way that adrenal lesions are currently investigated. The contemporary radiologist has been catapulted to the forefront in the management of adrenal disease. With the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, adrenal lesions are being serendipitously discovered in radiological studies undertaken for non-adrenal-related conditions – the so-called adrenal ‘incidentaloma’. This review discusses the imaging modalities available for characterising these lesions, highlighting current concepts and controversies in differentiating benign from malignant pathology. The article also provides a brief overview of the spectrum of adrenal pathology commonly encountered in the adult population.
Highlights
‘I’m unaware that any modern authority has ventured to assign to them any special function or influence.’ (Dr Thomas Addison)
Tremendous strides have been made in medicine since these words uttered by Dr Thomas Addison in 1855.[1]. The adrenal glands, despite their size and obscure structure, are considered among the most vital organs in the human body
The clinical and radiological challenge is greatest in this subgroup of patients, as inaccurate characterisation of the adrenal lesion has severe consequences
Summary
CT is the cornerstone of adrenal imaging. Morphology, CT densitometry, washout percentage and distant spread are crucial determinants that help to characterise an adrenal mass and guide diagnosis. A lesion with an APW
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