Abstract
Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena has been fed to cattle by the Balinese community in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts on Sumbawa Island since the 1980s. However, prior to 2011, this practice was not adopted by the local Sumbawanese farmers. Since then, a model leucaena-based cattle fattening system was developed in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts in a collaborative research project between the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), University of Mataram and The University of Queensland (UQ) funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), followed by a scaling-out project involving collaboration between the University of Mataram and CSIRO (Applied Research and Innovation Systems in Agriculture - ARISA project) funded by DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) promoting public-private partnerships. Further promotion of leucaena-based fattening systems occurred in Dompu, Sumbawa, through a project with the University of Mataram and Massey University funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT). By the end of October 2018, more than 2,500 farmers on Sumbawa Island were practicing leucaena-based cattle fattening. The main drivers of adoption of cattle fattening with leucaena were: (1) The high growth rates achieved (0.4–0.6 kg/d for bulls fed 100% leucaena and 0.66 kg/d when maize grain was added to the leucaena basal diet) compared with 0.16 kg/d for the traditional system, combined with high profitability; (2) the needs of farmers being met in terms of relevance and cultural appropriateness; (3) field extension staff being well trained and mentored, and respected by the farmers; (4) the local government being highly supportive of leucaena-based cattle fattening; and (5) additional benefits being increased dressing percentage and high carcass quality. The rapid increase in the use of leucaena for cattle fattening in eastern Indonesia is expected to have a significant positive impact on household incomes as well as on regional economic growth.
Highlights
Beef consumption per capita in Indonesia is low at 1.5 kg/person/yr in 2000 and 2.5 kg/person/yr in 2015
The majority of cattle in Indonesia are kept by about 6.5 M smallholder farmers, supplemented by a small number of much larger cattle ranches and larger feedlots, especially in Java and Sumatra
This paper reports findings from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and other projects in terms of: the history of cattle fattening in Sumbawa; the impact of leucaena-based fattening on cattle productivity and quality and farm profitability; and the progress made with an extension strategy designed to promote the uptake of leucaena planting and feeding for fattening cattle by smallholder farmers
Summary
Beef consumption per capita in Indonesia is low at 1.5 kg/person/yr in 2000 and 2.5 kg/person/yr in 2015. Local supply plus imports, mainly from Australia, are limited and the tight supply-and-demand relationship is reflected in the retail price of beef, which has quadrupled from 2000 to 2015 (Waldron et al 2015; Shelton and the Project Team 2017). This has led to changes in policy in recent years, with large amounts of frozen buffalo meat and beef being imported from India. The majority of cattle in Indonesia are kept by about 6.5 M smallholder farmers, supplemented by a small number of much larger cattle ranches and larger feedlots, especially in Java and Sumatra
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