Abstract
The importance of adopting modern technology in agriculture, especially in a changing climate, cannot be underestimated in Africa. The aim of this review was to highlight the past and the status quo with regard to the adoption of current farming practices in relation to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) by communal livestock farmers in South Africa. The impact of animal agriculture on climate change was also deliberated. Different internet search engines and databases, like Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, Science Direct, etc., and peer-reviewed articles, books, and government and academic reports were employed to provide information to adequately address the aim. Keywords like “the impact of climate smart agriculture on communal livestock farmers”, “communal livestock in South Africa”, “communal farming and technology adoption”, etc. were used for the search. Various issues pertaining to the impact of animal agriculture on climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and implementing CSA in livestock farming were extensively discussed. The findings indicated that there is limited research on the adoption of CSA by communal livestock farmers in South Africa. The review concluded that strategies to adopt modern technology in communal areas should address the issues to enhance knowledge of farmers and all stakeholders, through increasing awareness, trainings, and skills programs. The government should build local capacity in innovative and affordable water and agricultural solutions, and reliable financial mechanisms should be in place to implement innovative sound technologies in communal areas.
Highlights
Climate change poses serious developmental challenges for Africa, starting from greenhouse gas emissions to the resultant effects of these emissions on agriculture
Maka [72] conducted a study in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa and the results revealed that 68% of farmers claimed they have limited or no access to extension services in that area
This article reviewed the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) by communal livestock farmers in South Africa
Summary
Climate change poses serious developmental challenges for Africa, starting from greenhouse gas emissions to the resultant effects of these emissions on agriculture. The need for the adoption of climate risk perspectives and a reduction in greenhouse gases is crucial. The concept of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), which was introduced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [2], is aimed at addressing the challenges of climate change and food security. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is defined as agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience, and reduces greenhouse gases (GHGs). It has been reported that agricultural practices like animal production, forestry, crop farming, aquaculture, and other land-use sectors contribute 24% of anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions [3], this vital concept of CSA
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