Adoption Barriers of IoT in Large Scale Pilots

Ali Padyab,Abdolrasoul Habibipour,Anna Ståhlbröst,Aya Rizk

doi:10.3390/info11010023

Ali Padyab, Abdolrasoul Habibipour + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/info11010023

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Abstract

The pervasive connectivity of devices enabled by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is leading the way in various innovative services and applications. This increasing connectivity comes with its own complexity. Thus, large scale pilots (LSPs) are designed to develop, test and use IoT innovations in various domains in conditions very similar to their operational scalable setting. One of the key challenges facing the diffusion of such innovations within the course of an LSP is understanding the conditions in which their respective users decide to adopt them (or not). Accordingly, in this study we explore IoT adoption barriers in four LSPs in Europe from the following domains: smart cities, autonomous driving, wearables and smart agriculture and farming. By applying Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation as a theoretical lens and using empirical data from workshops and expert interviews, we identify a set of common and domain specific adoption barriers. Our results reveal that trust, cost, perceived value, privacy and security are common concerns, yet shape differently across domains. In order to overcome various barriers, the relative advantage or value of using the innovation needs to be clearly communicated and related to the users’ situational use; while this value can be economic in some domains, it is more hedonic in others. LSPs were particularly challenged in applying established strategies to overcome some of those barriers (e.g., co-creation with end-users) due to the immaturity of the technology as well as the scale of pilots. Accordingly, we reflect on the theoretical choice in the discussion as well as the implications of this study on research and practice. We conclude with providing practical recommendations to LSPs and avenues for future research.

Highlights

The idea of enabling people and objects to be connected through the Internet infrastructure has given birth to a stream of research known as Internet of Things (IoT)
The reason for direct interaction with potential users were due to the nature of the IoT artefact and its associated services in an large scale pilots (LSPs) in which in return shaped the strategies to interact with end-users
The European IoT Large-Scale Pilots (LSP) program is an initiative from the European Commission to foster the integration, deployment and testing of IoT solutions from reduced and controlled environments into to real-life use case scenarios

Summary

Introduction

The idea of enabling people and objects to be connected through the Internet infrastructure has given birth to a stream of research known as Internet of Things (IoT). 1990, huge investments have been put into IoT and both academics and practitioners have introduced many innovative services and applications. Large-Scale Pilots (LSPs) program that is aimed to foster the deployment and evolution of IoT solutions with a total funding budget of €100M. This means that IoT technologies are steadily progressing and has reached a stage where IoT is mature enough for the development, testing and integration activities on a societal level [2] such as an LSP. The IoT devices have various interactive capabilities such as but not limited to, the interconnectivity with other devices, things, environments and people.

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