ADOP in closed form for a hierarchy of multi-frequency single-baseline GNSS models

Abstract

Successful carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision positioning with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) is a well-known scalar measure which can be used to infer the strength of the GNSS model for carrier phase ambiguity resolution. In this contribution we present analytical closed-form expressions for the ADOP. This will be done for a whole class of different multi- frequency single baseline models. These models include the geometry-fixed, the geometry-free and the geometry-based models, respectively. And within the class of geometry-based models, we discriminate between short and long observation time spans, and between stationary and moving receivers. The easy-to-use ADOP expressions can be applied to infer the contribution of various GNSS model factors. They comprise, for instance, the type, the number and the precision of the GNSS observations, the number and selection of frequencies, the presence of atmospheric disturbances, the length of the observation time span and the length of the baseline.