Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) and their perceptions of activity and sports

Abstract

Abstract Background Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are less physically active than individuals without ID, and they rarely or never reach the recommended daily level of physical activity. It is understood that both social interaction and ability in performing work tasks affect participation in daily activity services among people with ID. Individuals with ID generally have a higher risk of hypertension and obesity-related cardiovascular disease than individuals without ID. Professional service providers and parents are often those being asked, it is more seldom that the knowledge comes from the target group (ID) themselves. Aim To identify experiences and feelings among adolescents with ID regarding activity and sports participation, and to identify how they express and perceive the opportunities they have for being active in the community and surroundings where they live, including body and health awareness. Methods 12 adolescents with ID, boys and girls, from Mid-Sweden participated in the study. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview that focused on experiences and aspects regarding activity and sports in their surroundings. Interviews identified three aspects: Activity, Surroundings, and Body- and health awareness. Adolescents with ID seems motivated to participate in activities and sports. The role of significant others, family and friends, support and the feeling of joy all seem crucial when reporting being outdoors, participating in ball games and in music activities. They are aware of limitations, sometimes feel bullied and are afraid of being excluded. Participation in activities and sports may be positively associated with health, but limitations such as awareness and support from society challenge the perception of ‘fitting in’ experienced by adolescents with ID. There is a need for deeper understanding to implement and follow up on the UN convention on rights for individuals with ID, as well as the 2030 sustainable development goals. Key messages The project aims to identify how individuals with ID can increase their participation in societal activities and hence feel more active and included as citizens. Special attention is given to include stakeholders in order to promote implementation and long-term success.