Abstract
Objectives Over the past decade, smartphone ownership has grown rapidly, and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents has become a significant problem. The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether adolescents’ perceived parenting styles (i.e., warmth, rejection, autonomy support, coercion, structure, and chaos) moderate the relationship between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and depressive symptoms through self-esteem.
 Methods We used the data of 2,404 eighth-grade students from the 2018 Korean Children Youth Panel Survey. We conducted descriptive and moderated mediational analyses using SPSS 23.0, Amos 23.0, and PROCESS Macro v3.5.
 Results First, PSU in Korean adolescents was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Second, self-es-teem significantly mediated the relationship between PSU and depressive symptoms. Third, adolescents’ per-ceived parenting styles (warmth, rejection, autonomy support, coercion, and chaos) significantly moderated the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between PSU and depressive symptoms.
 Conclusions Our results suggest that self-esteem should be considered when intervening in adolescents' PSU and depressive symptoms, and interventions focusing on positive parenting skills can provide a buffer between PSU and depressive symptoms.
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