Adolescent body image: influencing factors and the clinician's role.

Abstract

Body image is a crucial part of adolescent development for teens all over the world. Studies show that negative body image impacts many aspects of adolescent health and that anticipatory guidance about body image is important at the annual health maintenance exam visit. Weight bias is closely tied to body image and is associated with negative health effects as well; research shows weight bias is a problem throughout healthcare. The purpose of this review is to discuss influencing factors on adolescent body image and to explore interventions to promote positive body image. Research shows that adolescent body image is shaped by media influence, athletics and personal relationships. Studies have also begun to show that negative and positive body image are separate entities, and that overall health outcomes seem to be better in adolescents with positive body image. In thinking about intervention, there are ways to promote positive body image in the provider--patient interaction, within the school and community, in healthcare education, and at the societal level. Body image is an incredibly important aspect of adolescent health, and clinicians should be aware of ways to help promote positive body image in adolescents.