Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential prophylactic effect of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), found in garlic (Allium sativum), against the development of apro-inflammatory status induced by diet in neonatal rats later on in adulthood.Methods: Suckling Wistar rat pups (4-day-old; male = 21 and female = 21) were randomly allocated to either of 3 groups and orally gavaged daily with the following treatments from postnatal day (PND) 6– 20: group 1 (control) - 10 mL/kg distilled water; group 2 - 10 mL/kg of 20 % w/v fructose solution (FS) and group 3 - 10 mL/kg FS + SAC. The rat pups were weaned on PND 21, and given ad libitum access to standard rat chow and plain drinking up to PND 115. The rats were euthanized on PND 116 and plasma was collected for the determination of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)] using Bio-Plex Pro magnetic beadbased assays on Bio-Plex platform.Results: Oral administration of FS during suckling increased significantly (p < 0.05) plasma concentrations of IL-5, MCP-1 and VEGF in adult male rats, and plasma MCP-1 in adult female rats. Neonatal oral administration of SAC prevented FS-programmed increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines(p < 0.05) later on in adulthood.Conclusion: Oral administration of SAC during the neonatal period protected against FS-induced proinflammatory status and thus, could possibly be exploited as a prophylactic or intervention agent againsta pro-inflammatory status induced by a high fructose diet.
 Keywords: S-Allyl cysteine, Fructose solution, Cytokines, Pro-inflammatory chemokines, Neonatal programming
Highlights
Garlic (Allium sativum), a commonly consumed spice worldwide, is well-known as an effective ‘natural’ health beneficial agent in the treatment of a wide range of diseases [1]
This study investigated the effects of neonatal oral administration of s-allyl cysteine (SAC) on plasma concentration of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukins (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adult rats that were fed a high-fructose diet during suckling
Plasma samples were added to a mixture of fluorescent magnetic beads bound with specific anticytokine primary antibodies which resulted to binding of cytokines to the bead with the corresponding antibody
Summary
Garlic (Allium sativum), a commonly consumed spice worldwide, is well-known as an effective ‘natural’ health beneficial agent in the treatment of a wide range of diseases [1]. It contains a water-soluble organosulphur s-allyl cysteine (SAC) (Figure 1) that possesses health-beneficial bioactivities [2]. The Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) is based on the fact that nutritional and environmental stimuli in the early developmental periods predisposes or protect organisms to develop metabolic disorders during subsequent developmental periods such as adolescence and adulthood [8,9]. The adaptations can persist permanently throughout life and can modify various physiological functions resulting in an increase in the vulnerability or resistance of developing metabolic disorders in either childhood or later on in adulthood [11]
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