Administration of Hot Water Extract Diatomae Caetoceros Ceratosporum via Injection Enhances the Immune Resistance of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus

Erika Saraswati,Arief Prajitno,Uun Yanuhar,A Latief Abadi

doi:10.5296/ast.v1i2.3889

Abstract

Immune resistance of white shrimp against disease can be enhanced through the administration of immunostimulant. Some of sea microalgae extracts has been proved trough examination to be able to stimulate immune system of shrimp. The objective of this study is to know immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei injected with hot water extract Chaetoceros ceratosporum (HWEC) doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 µg·g -1 body weight (BW) against Infectious Myonecrosis (IMNV) virus infection. The findings show that C . ceratosphorum administration can enhance immune response of L. vannamei infected by Infectious Myonecrosis virus, indicated by the increasing number of hemocytes (THC), total protein plasma (TPP), phenolokxidase (PO) activity, and respiratory burst (RB) activity. Highest immune response is achieved by injection dose of 15 µg·g -1 shrimp body weight. The increase of shrimp immune response leads to the increase of shrimp immune system against IMNV infection, so the survival rate of L. vannamei infected by IMNV is higher than positive control and similar to those of negative control.

Highlights

Main problem to the shrimp culture failure is disease attack caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria
The findings show that C. ceratosphorum administration can enhance immune response of L. vannamei infected by Infectious Myonecrosis virus, indicated by the increasing number of hemocytes (THC), total
Highest immune response is achieved by injection dose of 15 μg·g-1 shrimp body weight

Summary

Introduction

Main problem to the shrimp culture failure is disease attack caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria. Increasing shrimp immune system against disease could be done through immunostimulant administration (Treves-Brown, 2000), one of them using polysaccharide compound. Exopolysaccharide sulfate is a polysaccharide produced by microalgae and applied as anti virus agent, healthy food, antioxidant, anti inflammation and as part of immunomodulatory system (Raposo et al, 2013). Microalgae diatomae contains polysaccharides with a wide structural rate and can be explored as an active biological content (Skjermo et al, 2006). Polysaccharides extract from C. mulleri could help enhance immune system of Gadus morhua L. Polysaccharides extract A. orientalis could help increasing immune response and survival rate of shrimps against infection of White spot syndrome virus (Manilal et al, 2009). Polysaccharides produced by Arthrospira plantesis and Porphyridium purpureum resists anti virus strain activity of V. virus dan E. virus (Radonic et al, 2010)

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