Abstract
This clinical study was performed to evaluate the effects of continuous apple polyphenol (AP) administration on facial skin conditions and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in healthy women participants. Participants (n = 65, age 20–39 years) were randomized to receive tablets containing AP (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks significantly prevented UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation (erythema value, melanin value, L value), although a dose-dependent relationship was not clearly observed. In contrast, no significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to water content and trans-epidermal water loss. Our study demonstrated that APs and their major active compounds, procyanidins, have several health benefits. Here, we report that continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks alleviated UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation, when compared with placebo, in healthy women.
Highlights
The skin is an organ that safeguards and protects the body from harmful environmental factors such as pathogenic microorganisms, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and temperature changes and prevents excessive moisture loss [1]
To determine whether Apple polyphenol (AP) administration ameliorated the pigmentation caused by UV irradiation, 65 healthy women were randomly allocated to the placebo and AP groups
Erythema value of pre-irradiation at week 2 significantly increased to 252.0 ± 40.3 from 175.6 ± 34.4 at 1 week after irradiation (p < 0.01) and remained significantly higher until week 8
Summary
The skin is an organ that safeguards and protects the body from harmful environmental factors such as pathogenic microorganisms, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and temperature changes and prevents excessive moisture loss [1]. The skin is composed of three different structures: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, which facilitate the barrier functions described above [2,3]. The skin undergoes oxidative damage due to various stressors including daily UV exposure from the sun. Solar UV radiation elicits various adverse effects on skin tissue, including erythema, sunburned cells, inflammation, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging, and even skin cancer. Impaired skin structures result in increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and decreased water/moisture content in the skin.
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