Abstract
T HERE appears to be no essential principle to support the scheme of court organization common to all our cities. In every city there is at least one court of general trial jurisdiction supplemented by one or more courts of limited jurisdiction. In some of the larger cities there are two or more of both general kinds and also a separation of civil and criminal jurisdiction in independent tribunals. This pattern has evolved during a century or more from a plan of organization adapted to the needs of the typical state at the formative stage of such institutions. The evolution has not been one making for efficiency in administration. Changes have come about by way of temporary adjustments without reference to any inclusive principle, and efforts at improvement have often been thwarted by inability to amend a state constitution.
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