Abstract
Locoregional, as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma, tends to relapse after nephrectomy or metastasectomy. Adjuvant therapy seems to be aneffective strategy to reduce the risk of recurrence. Allanti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitorsexcept sunitinib have failedto show any benefit in the adjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced disease and an intermediate-to-high chance of recurrence. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are now used in the first-line in the metastatic setting, are being tested in the adjuvant setting. Pembrolizumab has shown benefit in the adjuvant setting in patients with a high risk of recurrence or with resected metastatic disease with no evidence of disease. Results for other checkpoint inhibitors are still awaited.
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