Abstract
Effect a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) has on chloroquine was tested. Thirty, Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, in three experimental groups (7 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) of 10 mice each, were treated. Two subgroups, in each experiment, were treated with chloroquine and with a chloroquine-AMS drug formulation, respectively. Five of the infected mice served as controls. Parasitaemia (%), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBC), rectal temperature and body weight were assessed. Parasitaemia of subgroups treated at 7 mg/kg were higher than that of the control. Also, at 7 mg/kg, there was mortality with chloroquine (20%) and with the chloroquine-AMS drug (80%). At 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, the AMS significantly (P < 0.05) improved ability of chloroquine to reduce plamodial parasitaemia, from 2.46 ± 0.21 to 1.57 ± 0.25 and from 3.82 ± 0.06 to 2.12 ± 0.08. It also significantly (P < 0.05) improved means of Hb and RBC from 12.25 ± 0.27 and 88.99 ± 5.72 to 12.68 ± 0.18 and 92.91 ± 4.01 and from 10.18 ± 3.00 and 63.39 ± 18.02 to 12.98 ± 0.47 and 95.23 ± 5.32. Body weight increased at 5 mg/kg, from 29.06 ± 1.95 to 32.66 ± 2.10 kg (P < 0.05) while at 3 mg/kg, rectal temperature reduced from 37.35 ± 0.32 to 36.84oC ± 0.23oC (P < 0.05). These results suggest, AMS worsened chloroquine toxicity at 7 mg/kg but potentiated its antiplasmodial activities at the lower doses.
Highlights
Protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium are causative agents of malaria [1,2]
Body weight increased at 5 mg/kg, from 29.06 ± 1.95 to 32.66 ± 2.10 kg (P < 0.05) while at 3 mg/kg, rectal temperature reduced from 37.35 ± 0.32 to 36.84 ̊C ± 0.23 ̊C (P < 0.05). These results suggest, Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) worsened chloroquine toxicity at 7 mg/kg but potentiated its antiplasmodial activities at the lower doses
Anaemia is diagnosed by determination of Red Blood Cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb)
Summary
Protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium are causative agents of malaria [1,2]. Malaria is a zoonotic disease. Anaemia is diagnosed by determination of Red Blood Cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb). It is a common consequence of malaria, especially in children [6]. P. falciparum affects red blood cells of all ages and its parasitaemia can be as high as 20% - 30%. This massive destruction of red blood cells accounts for severe anaemia associated with P. falciparum malaria. AMS may protect chloroquine from being rapidly degraded by metabolic processes This will retain high concentration of chloroquine in blood of treated animals for a long time. A formulation of 20% chloroquine phosphate in the synthetic AluminiumMagnesium Silicate was made, to test if it would improve antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine
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