Adjusted F Factor for Multiple‐Outlet Pipes

Abstract

An adjusted F factor to compute pressure head loss in pipes having multiple, equally spaced outlets is derived for any given distance from the first outlet to the beginning of the pipe. The proposed factor is dependent on the number of outlets and is expressed as a function of the Christiansen's F factor. It may be useful to irrigation engineers to estimate friction loss in sprinkle and trickle irrigation laterals and manifolds, as well as gated pipes.