Adjunctive levetiracetam in the treatment of Chinese and Japanese adults with generalized tonic-clonic seizures: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Abstract

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam (LEV) in Chinese and Japanese adults with generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures (N01159; NCT01228747).MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicenter phase III trial comprised: 4‐week retrospective and 4‐week prospective baseline, 12‐week dose‐adjustment, and 16‐week evaluation periods. Chinese and Japanese patients ≥16 years old with idiopathic generalized, symptomatic generalized, or undetermined epilepsy with GTC seizures received a single‐blind placebo during the prospective baseline, and then were randomized 1:1 to placebo or LEV 1,000 mg/day administered twice daily. Patients reporting GTC seizures up to week 8 had the LEV dosage increased to 3,000 mg/day. The primary efficacy variable was percent reduction from combined baseline in GTC seizures/week during the 28‐week treatment period.ResultsOverall, 251 patients were randomized (208 from China; 43 from Japan); 141 (56.2%) completed the 28‐week treatment period. Least‐squares mean percent reduction from combined baseline in GTC seizures/week (treatment period) was placebo 12.6% versus LEV 68.8% (95% confidence interval, 44.0–68.2; p < 0.0001). GTC seizure frequency reduction occurred in both patients with idiopathic and symptomatic generalized epilepsy. The 50% responder rate (treatment period) was placebo 28.4% versus LEV 77.8%. Freedom from GTC seizures (evaluation period) was placebo 3.1% versus LEV 29.6%. Incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; treatment period) was placebo 52.0% versus LEV 57.1%; most frequently nasopharyngitis, protein in urine, decreased platelet count, and pyrexia. Incidence of TEAEs leading to discontinuation was 4.8% versus 3.2%; incidence of serious TEAEs was 3.2% versus 0.8% for placebo and LEV, respectively; 3 patients taking placebo died versus none taking LEV.SignificanceIn this trial, adjunctive LEV 1,000–3,000 mg/day was effective in reducing GTC seizure frequency in Chinese and Japanese patients ≥16 years old with GTC seizures. Seizure reduction occurred in both patients with idiopathic and symptomatic generalized epilepsy. LEV was well tolerated in this population.