Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and substantial hypoxemia (arterial oxygen partial pressure <70 mmHg or alveolar-arterial gradient >35 mmHg on room air).MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of the literature for randomised trials published up to December 2004. Selected trials compared adjunctive corticosteroids with placebo or usual care in HIV-infected patients with PCP and reported mortality data. Two teams of reviewers independently evaluated the methodology and extracted data from each primary study.ResultsSix studies were included in the meta-analysis. Risk ratios for overall mortality for adjunctive corticosteroids were 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.79) at 1 month and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.49–0.93) at 3–4 months of follow-up. Numbers needed to treat, to prevent 1 death, are 9 patients in a setting without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) available and 22 patients with HAART available. Only the 3 largest trials provided data on the need for mechanical ventilation with a risk ratio of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20–0.70) in favour of adjunctive corticosteroids.ConclusionThe number and size of trials investigating adjunctive corticosteroids for HIV-infected patients with PCP is small, but our results suggest a beneficial effect for patients with substantial hypoxemia.
Highlights
The objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and substantial hypoxemia
PCP still remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [2]
In 1990 an expert panel recommended the use of corticosteroids for HIV-infected patients with PCP and substantial hypoxemia
Summary
The objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and substantial hypoxemia (arterial oxygen partial pressure 35 mmHg on room air). In 1990 an expert panel recommended the use of corticosteroids for HIV-infected patients with PCP and substantial hypoxemia MmHg on room air) based on the evidence from five randomised controlled trials [4]. This consensus statement still represents the basis of current treatment guidelines [5]. In 1992 a systematic review qualitatively summarised the same incomplete data [10]
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