Abstract
BackgroundAdiposity and adipokines are associated with metabolic disorders, but little is known regarding that whether adiposity measurements link metabolic syndrome (MetS) through circulating neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and adipsin levels.Materials and MethodsA total of 1212 subjects with a waist circumference greater than 90 cm for men or 80 cm for women were enrolled from a Chinese community. Circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels were measured using commercial kits. Mediation analyses of circulating Nrg4 and adipsin were performed in the study using linear and logistic regression.ResultsSubjects with MetS had higher waist circumference, visceral fat level, and circulating adipsin level, and lower levels of circulating Nrg4 and muscle mass to visceral fat (MVF) ratio (all P < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for confounding variables, per standard deviation (SD) increase in waist circumference and visceral fat level were significantly associated with increased odds of MetS [OR (95% CI), 1.42 (1.22–1.64); 2.20 (1.62–2.99); respectively]; and per SD reduction in MVF ratio was significantly associated with reduced odds of MetS [OR (95% CI), 0.65 (0.55–0.77)]. In the mediation analyses, both circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels mediated the association between waist circumference (8.31% and 18.35%, respectively), visceral fat level (7.50% and 9.98%, respectively), and MVF ratio (5.80% and 9.86%, respectively) and MetS after adjustments.ConclusionThese findings indicate that adiposity measurements and MetS are linked through circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels in obese adults, suggesting that circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels might be potential predictors for management of MetS.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of medical conditions, including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, which are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (Lorenzo et al, 2003; Alberti et al, 2005; Park et al, 2019)
The circulating adipsin level was markedly higher in subjects with MetS (P = 0.019) and elevated blood pressure (BP) (P = 0.001); it was not significantly associated with elevated fasting glucose and dyslipidemia
The circulating Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) level was significantly lower in subjects with MetS (P < 0.001), elevated BP (P = 0.010), elevated fasting glucose (P = 0.002), and dyslipidemia (P = 0.034)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of medical conditions, including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, which are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (Lorenzo et al, 2003; Alberti et al, 2005; Park et al, 2019). It has been documented that Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) primarily secreted from brown adipose tissue (BAT) and adipsin mainly synthesized in the white adipose tissue (WAT) are associated with metabolic diseases (Saleh et al, 2019; Tutunchi et al, 2020). Nrg is a newly identified adipokine and play a role in obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and CVD in human subjects (Wang et al, 2014; Dai et al, 2015; Jiang et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Yan et al, 2019). Adiposity and adipokines are associated with metabolic disorders, but little is known regarding that whether adiposity measurements link metabolic syndrome (MetS) through circulating neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and adipsin levels
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