Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Large Animal Models: from Basic to Applied Science

Joanna Bukowska,Marta Kopcewicz,Katarzyna Walendzik,Anna Zuzanna Szóstek-Mioduchowska,Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak,Sylwia Machcińska

doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10049-y

Abstract

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from domestic animals fulfill the qualitative criteria of mesenchymal stem cells, including the capacity to differentiate along multiple lineage pathways and to self-renew, as well as immunomodulatory capacities. Recent findings on human diseases derived from studying large animal models, have provided evidence that administration of autologous or allogenic ASCs can improve the process of healing. In a narrow group of large animals used in bioresearch studies, pigs and horses have been shown to be the best suited models for study of the wound healing process, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. To this end, current literature demonstrates that ASC-based therapies bring considerable benefits to animal health in both spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced clinical cases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the diversity, isolation, and characterization of ASCs from livestock. Particular attention has been paid to the functional characteristics of the cells that facilitate their therapeutic application in large animal models of human disease. In this regard, we describe outcomes of ASCs utilization in translational research with pig and horse models of disease. Furthermore, we evaluate the current status of ASC-based therapy in veterinary practice, particularly in the rapidly developing field of equine regenerative medicine. In conclusion, this review presents arguments that support the relevance of animal ASCs in the field of regenerative medicine and it provides insights into the future perspectives of ASC utilization in animal husbandry.Graphical abstract

Highlights

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a large variety of tissue sources, among which bone marrowAdipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have received considerable attention over the past decades, mainly because of their therapeutic potential in different areas of applied science [11–13]
The results indicated that the cell administration method via intravenous infusion did not lead to acute ventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia, or conduction block, so the ASC-based therapy showed a lack of electrophysiological consequences in the porcine Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model
This review demonstrates the current status of knowledge in terms of isolation techniques, culture, and multilevel characteristics of ASCs from farm animals, with particular attention focused on pigs and horses

Summary

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a large variety of tissue sources, among which bone marrowASCs have received considerable attention over the past decades, mainly because of their therapeutic potential in different areas of applied science [11–13]. In recent years ASCs from domestic animals have gained increased attention, primarily because of the accumulating evidence demonstrating their remarkable plasticity, differentiation potential, expression of pluripotency markers, and immunomodulatory properties at levels comparable to those observed in hASCs [20, 21]. Together, these modalities strongly endorse farm animal ASCs as potential therapeutic agents that can be widely considered for clinical application in veterinary medicine. Cell-based therapies using ASCs are increasingly being reported in equine medicine because this field involves a large number of animals prone to frequent injuries to tendons, joints, cartilage, and bones (reviewed in [22]). The animal model that shows results parallel to those expected in humans is pigs [23]

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