Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Tool in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases

Marta Torres-Torrillas,Joaquin J Sopena,Pau Peláez,Laura Miguel,Belen Cuervo,Elena Damia,Ayla Del Romero,Monica Rubio,Deborah Chicharro

doi:10.3390/ijms20123105

Abstract

Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most common medical complaints worldwide and musculoskeletal injuries have an enormous social and economical impact. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments aim to relief pain and restore function; however, unsatiscactory outcomes are commonly reported. In order to find an accurate treatment to such pathologies, over the last years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in cellular therapies, such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). These cells represent a relatively new strategy in regenerative medicine, with many potential applications, especially regarding MSK disorders, and preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in muscle, tendon, bone and cartilage regeneration. Nevertheless, several worries about their safety and side effects at long-term remain unsolved. This article aims to review the current state of AMSCs therapy in the treatment of several MSK diseases and their clinical applications in veterinary and human medicine.

Highlights

Given the increase in life expectancy, and the global trend to obesity, degenerative changes, including loss of bone density, ligament and tendon flexibility, and osteoarthritic changes, together with traumatic injuries, are becoming an enormous medical and socio-economical burden
Du et al combined the osteogenesis and angiogenesis advantages of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) with modified mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds to optimize the restoration of critical size defects (CSDs), and the results demonstrated that the combination of different induction of AMSCs into osteogenic cells and endothelial cells is practical and beneficial for CSDs [104]
Adipose tissue has emerged as an attractive source of stem cells because their abundance in the body and because AMSCs can be isolated using minimally invasive procedures

Summary

Introduction

Given the increase in life expectancy, and the global trend to obesity, degenerative changes, including loss of bone density, ligament and tendon flexibility, and osteoarthritic changes, together with traumatic injuries, are becoming an enormous medical and socio-economical burden. These musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders cause both pain and functional defects [1,2,3]. MSCs exhibit great differentiation potential into many different types of tissues, including bone, cartilage, muscle, and tendons [7,8,9]; stem cells obtained from different tissues can show diverse differentiation capacities, and the term MSCs could be confusing [10]

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Conclusion