Abstract
Prolonged caloric intake above energy needs disturbs the body’s ability to store and manage the excess of energy intake, leading to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases. This study aimed to compare the effect of three foods, which contain demonstrated bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity and as an adjuvant in obesity energy restriction treatments. In a mice obesity model induced through a high-fat diet; fish oil, soluble fibre, and soy were incorporated to evaluate its capacity to modulate metabolic factors in adipose tissue during a continued fat intake or weight reduction through a normocaloric diet. As a result, fish oil improved mitochondrial related, adipose tissue hormone expression, and oxidation products when high-fat diets are consumed; while soluble fibre improved glucose and inflammation pathways during high-fat diet intake. In weight reduction treatments few differential features, as a treatment adjuvant, were observed for fish oil and soy; while soluble fibre was able to improve the weight reduction effects induced by a normocaloric diet. As a conclusion, soluble fibre supplementation compared to an energy reduction program, was the only treatment able to induce a significant additional effect in the improvement of weight loss and adipose tissue metabolism.
Highlights
Severe obesity is an increasingly prevalent condition and is often associated with long-term comorbidities, reduced survival, and higher healthcare costs
The treatment period started in which, different bioactive compounds as adjuvants in weight reduction treatments were added to normocaloric and high-fat diets
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different bioactive foods in the ability to reduce body weight when obesity and metabolic impairments are established; and the effect they would have on adipose tissue metabolism
Summary
Severe obesity is an increasingly prevalent condition and is often associated with long-term comorbidities, reduced survival, and higher healthcare costs. While pharmacological strategies are indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, non-pharmacological treatments such as lifestyle interventions (diet, physical exercise, stress management, and others) are indicated for a great majority of people with overweight problems. Lipogenesis inhibition and increased fatty acid β-oxidation, which lead to the reduction of body fat depots, are mechanisms of isoflavones action against obesity [6] In this regard, significant effects in anthropometric parameters have been observed in low doses and during a short period of supplementation (two to six months); but adverse effects have been observed in overweight and obesity populations [7]. Fibre, especially soluble fibre, is widely recommended as an anti-obesity agent due to its ability to interfere with gut lipid absorption, satiety and satiation effect, and gut microbiota composition and activity modulation through short-chain fatty acids production between others [8]
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