Abstract
In the last few decades, obesity has increased dramatically in pediatric patients. Obesity is a chronic disease correlated with systemic inflammation, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose metabolism. In particular, Treg and Th17 cells are dynamically balanced under healthy conditions, but imbalance occurs in inflammatory and pathological states, such as obesity. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction, already in children with obesity. In this review, we considered the role of adipose tissue immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity. In the patient care, immune monitoring could play an important role to define preventive strategies of pediatric metabolic disease treatments.
Highlights
In the last few decades, obesity has dramatically increased in pediatric patients and the link between obesity-induced inflammation and its complications has been described in numerous studies [1,2]
We considered the role of Adipose tissue (AT) immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T Helpher 17 Lymphocytes (Th17) imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity
The following keywords were used to search for papers published in the last 15 years in each author’s field of expertise: childhood obesity, pediatric obesity; children metabolic status; adipose tissue-associated inflammation, Th17; Treg; immune system and obesityrelated glucose metabolism disorders
Summary
In the last few decades, obesity has dramatically increased in pediatric patients and the link between obesity-induced inflammation and its complications has been described in numerous studies [1,2]. It is well know that systemic inflammation correlates to obesity, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders like dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular pathologies already in pediatric age [5,6]. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction in obese adult and pediatric patients [16,17]. In this narrative review, we considered the role of AT immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/Th17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity
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