Abstract
Interest in adipose tissue is fast becoming a focus of research after many years of being considered as a simple connective tissue. It is becoming increasingly apparent that adipose tissue contains a number of diverse cell types, including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with the potential to differentiate into a number of cell lineages, and thus has significant potential for developing therapies for regenerative medicine. Currently, there is no gold standard treatment for scars and impaired wound healing continues to be a challenge faced by clinicians worldwide. This review describes the current understanding of the origin, different types, anatomical location, and genetics of adipose tissue before discussing the properties of ASCs and their promising applications for tissue engineering, scarring, and wound healing.
Highlights
The obesity epidemic has transformed the way we think about adipose tissue
Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) and International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) who reported cells were present in the following proportions: 15–30% stromal cells, 10–20%
They suggest that dermal white adipose tissue describes a depot in the dermis underlying the reticular dermis whereas subcutaneous white adipose tissue defines a unique and separate population with no anatomical division in humans but is situated below striated muscle in mice [7]
Summary
The obesity epidemic has transformed the way we think about adipose tissue. Adipose tissue, once considered as a simple inert tissue functioning as insulation and energy storage, is seen as one of the largest endocrine organs in the body, containing a variety of cell types, with multiple potential applications for regenerative medicine. ASCs have been shown in vitro to promote human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration and production of collagen by both direct cell-to-cell contact and paracrine activation [3] It remains to be seen whether these observed beneficial effects. 20% endothelial cells, 10–15% lymphocytes, 10–15% granulocytes, 5–15% monocytes, 3–5% pericytes, and < 0.1% stem and progenitor cells [2] This diverse SVF cell population, derived from adipose tissue, has been investigated for its potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. It remains to be seen whether these observed beneficial effects may be may be harnessed into suitable for and chronic and nonhealing wounds. The remaining two-thirds multiple cell types the stromal fraction. fraction
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