Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of various chronic diseases. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the therapeutic and regenerative potential of stem cells from adipose tissue (ASCs) in the milk production recovery repair of tissue injury in mastitis goats treated with antimicrobial agents prior to cell therapy. After the diagnosis of mastitis and treatment with gentamicin, eight lactating goats were selected for cellular and subsequent therapy, physical-chemical analysis of milk, ultrasonographic and histopathological examinations. The ASCs were taken from the subcutaneous fat of a young goat cultivated in vitro, marked with Qdots-655 and injected in the left mammary gland, being the right mammary gland used as the control. After 30 days the ultrasonographic and histopathological analyzes were repeated and, in the first lactation period, the physical-chemical analysis of the milk was reapeated. Before the cellular therapy, the physical-chemical quality of the milk was compromised and the ultrasonographic and histopathological analysis revealed a chronic inflammatory process and fibrous tissue. The marking of the ASCs with Qdots enabled the tracking, by fluorescence microscopy (BX41-OLYMPUS), in the mammary tissue. In the ASCs therapy, cultures showed high cellularity and characteristics favorable to preclinical studies; with the therapy the physical-chemical parameters of the milk, fat, protein, temperature and pH showed significant differences among the groups; five animals treated with ASCs reconstituted the functionality of the gland and the connective tissue reduced in quantity and inflammatory infiltrate cells. ASCs have potential for the possible regeneration of fibrous mastitis lesions in the mammary gland, however, it would be necessary to increase injection time for the histopathological analysis, since the reconstitution of the glandular acini within the assessed period was not finalized. ASCs can be used to reestablish milk production in goat with chronic mastitis repair mammary lesions, with potential to be a promising clinical alternative for animal rehabilitation for productivity.
Highlights
Cell therapy is an alternative for the treatment of various chronic and degenerative diseases
Mastitis is a disease of the mammary gland responsible for irreversible changes in the glandular tissue, and there are no effective drugs or therapy methods that can completely lessen the characteristics of the lesions, which directly affect milk production, causing great harm to the producers [3]
The characteristics of multipotentiality and immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem cells, associated with previous reports of their efficacy in repairing somatic tissues, make it a promising alternative for the treatment of caprine mastitis. This hypothesis still lacks validation. For This reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic contribution of ASCS in the morpho-functional reestablishment of milk production of the goats’ mammary glands with chronic spontaneous mastitis
Summary
Cell therapy is an alternative for the treatment of various chronic and degenerative diseases. Mastitis is a disease of the mammary gland responsible for irreversible changes in the glandular tissue, and there are no effective drugs or therapy methods that can completely lessen the characteristics of the lesions, which directly affect milk production, causing great harm to the producers [3]. As a result of the inflammatory process, a large proportion of the mammary tissue is replaced by cicatricial connective tissue [4, 5] These cells represent a lineage of mesenchysome cells, with extensive proliferative capacity, in addition it differs itself in various types of cells [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In vitro culture is characterized by cell adhesion to the plastic, colony forming capacity, low immunogenic phenotype and costimulatory molecules [12, 13]
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