Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete many cytokines, proteins, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles with beneficial outcomes that can be used in regenerative medicine. It has great potential, and the development of new treatment strategies using the ASCs secretome is of global interest. Besides cytokines, proteins, and growth factors, the therapeutic effect of secretome is hidden in non-coding RNAs such as miR-21, miR-24, and miR-26 carried via exosomes secreted by adequate cells. The whole secretome, including ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-exos) has been proven in many studies to have immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, neurotrophic, and epithelization activity and can potentially be used for neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, respiratory, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases as well as wound healing treatment. Due to limitations in the use of stem cells in cell-based therapy, its secretome with emphasis on exosomes seems to be a reasonable and safer alternative with increased effectiveness and fewer side effects. Moreover, the great advantage of cell-free therapy is the possibility of biobanking the ASCs secretome. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge on the use of the ASCs secretome in stem cell-free therapy.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential for use in medicine and stem cell therapy
The great advantage of MSCs isolated from AT is that they can be obtained by liposuction from autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue with high cellular activity without any ethical concerns comparing to embryonic stem cells, the obtainment of which is associated with the destruction of the embryo
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) secreted by Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) plays an essential role in angiogenesis [97] and it has been shown that cell stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhances the release of extracellular vesicles and proangiogenic properties [98]
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential for use in medicine and stem cell therapy. The great advantage of MSCs isolated from AT is that they can be obtained by liposuction from autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue with high cellular activity without any ethical concerns comparing to embryonic stem cells, the obtainment of which is associated with the destruction of the embryo. This makes ASCs a suitable choice for use in cell-based therapies, apart from those that may be questionable and controversial [10]. The literature study was based on keywords such as adiposederived stem cells, secretome, exosomes, growth factors, cytokines, cell-free, therapy that were used alone or in combination with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, wound healing, neurodegenerative, skeletal, respiratory, metabolic, regeneration, disease, and skin aging
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