Abstract
Brain inflammation is a key event triggering the pathological process associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Current personalized medicine and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases focus on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), because they are patient-specific, thereby reducing the risk of immune rejection. ASCs have been shown to exert a therapeutic effect following transplantation in animal models of neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms by which transplanted ASCs promote cell survival and/or functional recovery are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of ASCs in in vivo and in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory models. Brain damage was evaluated immunohistochemically using specific antibody markers of microglia, astroglia and oligodendrocytes. ASCs were used for intracerebral transplantation, as well as for non-contact co-culture with brain slices. In both in vivo and in vitro models, we found that LPS caused micro- and astroglial activation and oligodendrocyte degradation, whereas the presence of ASCs significantly reduced the damaging effects. It should be noted that the observed ASCs protection in a non-contact co-culture suggested that this effect was due to humoral factors via ASC-released biomodulatory molecules. However, further clinical studies are required to establish the therapeutic mechanisms of ASCs, and optimize their use as a part of a personalized medicine strategy.
Highlights
Neuroinflammation is regarded as one of the factors in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurodegenerative age-associated disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimers disease, dementia and multiple sclerosis [1]
Current personalized medicine and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases focus on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), because they are patient-specific, thereby reducing the risk of immune rejection
ASCs are a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissues and possess a lot of similar properties to other mesenchymal stem cells [6]
Summary
Neuroinflammation is regarded as one of the factors in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurodegenerative age-associated disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimers disease, dementia and multiple sclerosis [1]. LPS administration induces in animals’ cognitive impairment, such as decreased locomotion, weight loss, anorexia and others, which are quite similar to clinically relevant symptoms of neurodegenerative disease in humans [5]. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells and can be regarded as a promising source for personalized cell therapies. ASCs are a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissues and possess a lot of similar properties to other mesenchymal stem cells [6]. Due to their self-renewal and multilineage properties, ASCs are relatively easy to expand rapidly in culture, and differentiate into several cellular phenotypes in vitro and in vivo
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