Abstract
The interest in regenerative medicine is increasing, and it is a dynamically developing branch of aesthetic surgery. Biocompatible and autologous-derived products such as platelet-rich plasma or adult mesenchymal stem cells are often used for aesthetic purposes. Their application originates from wound healing and orthopaedics. Adipose-derived stem cells are a powerful agent in skin rejuvenation. They secrete growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulate tissue regeneration by promoting the secretion of extracellular proteins and secrete antioxidants that neutralize free radicals. In an office procedure, without cell incubation and counting, the obtained product is stromal vascular fraction, which consists of not only stem cells but also other numerous active cells such as pericytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and extra-cellular matrix. Adipose-derived stem cells, when injected into dermis, improved skin density and overall skin appearance, and increased skin hydration and number of capillary vessels. The main limitation of mesenchymal stem cell transfers is the survival of the graft. The final outcomes are dependent on many factors, including the age of the patient, technique of fat tissue harvesting, technique of lipoaspirate preparation, and technique of fat graft injection. It is very difficult to compare available studies because of the differences and multitude of techniques used. Fat harvesting is associated with potentially life-threatening complications, such as massive bleeding, embolism, or clots. However, most of the side effects are mild and transient: primarily hematomas, oedema, and mild pain. Mesenchymal stem cells that do not proliferate when injected into dermis promote neoangiogenesis, that is why respectful caution should be taken in the case of oncologic patients. A longer clinical observation on a higher number of participants should be performed to develop reliable indications and guidelines for transferring ADSCs.
Highlights
The process of healing has fascinated people for centuries
3 females who Cutaneous regeneration underwent and neovascularization ultrasound-assisted were significantly liposuction (UAL), cell enhanced in mice treated culturing with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) harvested (CD34+/CD31−/CD45−)
Autologous fat graft assisted by stromal vascular fraction improves facial skin quality: A randomized controlled trial [58]
Summary
The process of healing has fascinated people for centuries. One of the first descriptions of the human body’s regenerative abilities originates from ancient Greece. Regenerative medicine is a dynamically developing branch of aesthetic surgery. The term ‘regenerative medicine’ was defined by Daar and Greenwood in 2007 as a multidisciplinary branch of medicine, which stimulates the human body to repair and heal malfunctioning tissues [1]. Even though more than a decade has passed since a unified description of regenerative medicine has been established, there are still some semantic aspects that need to be clarified. This is especially noticeable with regard to autologous-derived agents and a wide range of different products and nomenclature that varies between authors. The aim of this paper was not an attempt to establish nomenclature, but rather to describe the potential use of autologous-derived agents in facial rejuvenation
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