Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence and diagnosis of thyroid cancer have risen dramatically, and thyroid cancer has now become the most common endocrine cancer in the world. The onset of thyroid cancer is insidious, and its progression is slow and difficult to detect. Therefore, early prevention and treatment have important strategic significance. Moreover, an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer is key to early prevention and treatment. Substantial evidence supports obesity as an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in the obese state is accompanied by dysregulation of a variety of adipocytokines. Adiponectin (APN) is one of the most pivotal adipocytokines, and its connection with obesity and obesity-related disease has gradually become a hot topic in research. Recently, the association between APN and thyroid cancer has received increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to systematically review previous studies, give prominence to APN, focus on the relationship between APN, obesity and thyroid cancer, and uncover the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
Highlights
IntroductionThe incidence and diagnosis of thyroid cancer have risen sharply. According to data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as of 2018, the global incidence of thyroid cancer was approximately 6.7/10 million [1]
In recent decades, the incidence and diagnosis of thyroid cancer have risen sharply
Thyroid cancers can be categorized into well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTCs), which account for approximately 95% of all thyroid cancers and include papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC); anaplastic or thyroid carcinoma (ATC), which is relatively rare but highly invasive and usually involves a poor prognosis; and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which originates from parafollicular cells (C cells), which can secrete calcitonin and serotonin, and can be sporadic or familial [6,7,8]
Summary
The incidence and diagnosis of thyroid cancer have risen sharply. According to data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as of 2018, the global incidence of thyroid cancer was approximately 6.7/10 million [1]. Numerous studies have been conducted, the etiology of thyroid cancer has still not been fully delineated. Factors such as female sex [10], radiation [11, 12], dietary iodine content [13], genetic or hereditary conditions [8, 14,15,16], and a history of benign thyroid disease [17, 18] are considered risk factors for thyroid cancer. The chronic epidemic of overweight and obesity has accompanied the dramatic increase in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer [19,20,21]. We focus on APN as a core factor, pay attention to the relationship between APN and thyroid cancer and explore the effects of APN and obesity on thyroid cancer and the possible mechanisms involved
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