Abstract
BackgroundSarcopenia is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass whose pathophysiology has been proposed to possibly involve mechanisms of altered inflammatory status and endocrine function. Adiponectin has been shown to modulate inflammatory status and muscle metabolism. However, the possible association between adiponectin levels and sarcopenia is poorly understood. In order to fill this gap, in the present manuscript we aimed to summarize the current evidence with a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies reporting serum adiponectin levels in patients with sarcopenia compared to non-sarcopenic controls.MethodsAn electronic search through Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct was performed till March 1, 2020. From the included papers, meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies comparing serum levels of adiponectin between patients with sarcopenia and controls was performed.ResultsOut of 1,370 initial studies, seven studies were meta-analyzed. Sarcopenic participants had significantly higher levels of adiponectin Hedges’ g with 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 (0.19–2.22), p = 0.02 than controls. Subgroup analysis, performed in Asian population and focused on identification of the condition based on AWGS criteria, reported higher adiponectin levels in sarcopenic population (2.1 (0.17–4.03), p = 0.03 and I2 = 98.98%. Meta-regression analysis revealed female gender to significantly influence the results as demonstrated by beta = 0.14 (95% CI (0.010–0.280), p = 0.040).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis found evidence that sarcopenia is associated with higher adiponectin levels. However, caution is warranted on the interpretation of these findings, and future longitudinal research is required to disentangle and better understand the topic.
Highlights
Sarcopenia is a disease of massive concern in clinical epidemiology as a result of its rising prevalence inherently associated with the aging trends and the increasing elderly populations all over the world
A total of 1370 studies were retrieved through electronic database searches and cross-references search
Seven studies were conducted on animal or in vitro models, 28 studies did not report quantitative expression of adiponectin level in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects, and in other 10 studies the reported diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia were not clear or absent
Summary
Sarcopenia is a disease of massive concern in clinical epidemiology as a result of its rising prevalence inherently associated with the aging trends and the increasing elderly populations all over the world. A few factors are recognized as possible pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia and concurrent muscle loss, including among others neuromuscular aging, malnutrition, insufficient physical activity, alternations of inflammatory status and endocrine function [2, 3]. Previous studies examining adiponectin circulating levels in sarcopenic population have reported contrasting results [13]. This may be due to different clinical settings, population characteristics or, different tools used for sarcopenia definition. In order to fill this gap, in the present manuscript we aimed to summarize the current evidence with a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies reporting serum adiponectin levels in patients with sarcopenia compared to non-sarcopenic controls
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