Adipogenesis in Different Body Depots and Tumor Development.

Drenka Trivanović,Aleksandra Jauković,Ivana Okić Djordjević,Sanja Vignjević Petrinović,Tamara Kukolj,Diana Bugarski

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.571648

Drenka Trivanović, Aleksandra Jauković + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.571648

Copy DOI

Abstract

Adipose tissue (AT) forms depots at different anatomical locations throughout the body, being in subcutaneous and visceral regions, as well as the bone marrow. These ATs differ in the adipocyte functional profile, their insulin sensitivity, adipokines’ production, lipolysis, and response to pathologic conditions. Despite the recent advances in lineage tracing, which have demonstrated that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes derived from distinct progenitor populations, the cellular and molecular dissection of the adipose clonogenic stem cell niche is still a great challenge. Additional complexity in AT regulation is associated with tumor-induced changes that affect adipocyte phenotype. As an integrative unit of cell differentiation, AT microenvironment regulates various phenotype outcomes of differentiating adipogenic lineages, which consequently may contribute to the neoplastic phenotype manifestations. Particularly interesting is the capacity of AT to impose and support the aberrant potency of stem cells that accompanies tumor development. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the communication between adipocytes and their progenitors with tumor cells, pointing out to the co-existence of healthy and neoplastic stem cell niches developed during tumor evolution. We also discuss tumor-induced adaptations in mature adipocytes and the involvement of alternative differentiation programs.

Highlights

Adipose tissue (AT) is a loose connective tissue responsible for lipid storage, which serves as an important protector from excess levels of lipids and glucose (Abate, 2012)
While brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots are primarily found in rodent and human infants, their increased activity in adults can be demonstrated upon cold exposure, noradrenergic and pharmacological stimulation, or fasting
In addition to the lower number of AT progenitors (APs) found in Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (Tchkonia et al, 2005), a study utilizing the transplantation approach demonstrated that the proliferation and the differentiation of mouse APs (Lin−CD29+CD34+) are influenced by the depot and their context-specific microenvironment, suggesting that APs represent functionally plastic cells (Jeffery et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Adipose tissue (AT) is a loose connective tissue responsible for lipid storage, which serves as an important protector from excess levels of lipids and glucose (Abate, 2012). In addition to the lower number of APs found in VAT (Tchkonia et al, 2005), a study utilizing the transplantation approach demonstrated that the proliferation and the differentiation of mouse APs (Lin−CD29+CD34+) are influenced by the depot and their context-specific microenvironment, suggesting that APs represent functionally plastic cells (Jeffery et al, 2016).

Results

Conclusion