Abstract

Human obesity is associated with decreased triglyceride turnover and impaired lipolysis in adipocytes. We determined whether such defects also occur in subjects with only moderate increase in fat mass. Human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was investigated in healthy, nonobese subjects [body mass index (BMI) > 17 kg/m(2) and BMI < 30 kg/m(2)]. Triglyceride age, reflecting lipid turnover, was examined in 41 subjects by assessing the incorporation of atmospheric (14)C into adipose lipids. Adipocyte lipolysis was examined as the ability of lipolytic agents to stimulate glycerol release in 333 subjects. Adipocyte triglyceride age was markedly increased in overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) compared with lean subjects (P = 0.017) with triglyceride T1/2 of 14 and 9 months, respectively (P = 0.04). Triglyceride age correlated positively with BMI (P = 0.002) but not with adipocyte volume (P = 0.2). Noradrenaline-, isoprenaline- or dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced lipolysis was inversely correlated with triglyceride age (P < 0.01) and BMI (P < 0.0001) independently of basal lipolysis, gender, and nicotine use. Current, but not the highest or lowest BMI in adult life, correlated significantly (inversely) with lipolysis. In conclusion, adipocyte triglyceride turnover and lipolytic activity are decreased in overweight subjects and reflect the current BMI status. These changes may confer an increased risk for early development and/or maintenance of excess body fat.

Highlights

  • Human obesity is associated with decreased triglyceride turnover and impaired lipolysis in adipocytes

  • In a second cohort (n = 333), we investigated the ability of lipolytic agents to stimulate glycerol release from adipocytes

  • body mass index (BMI) correlated positively and strongly with adipocyte TG age (Fig. 1C), but there was no relationship between mean fat cell volume and adipocyte TG age (Fig. 1D)

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Summary

Introduction

Human obesity is associated with decreased triglyceride turnover and impaired lipolysis in adipocytes. Adipocyte triglyceride turnover and lipolytic activity are decreased in overweight subjects and reflect the current BMI status These changes may confer an increased risk for early development and/ or maintenance of excess body fat.—Rydén, M., D. The body’s largest adipose region, lipid age was markedly increased in obese compared with nonobese subjects, which is indicative of low TG turnover in fat cells of the obese. This may be secondary to defects in lipolysis since many studies have shown that the ability of catecholamines to stimulate adipose lipolysis, both in vivo and in vitro, is decreased in obesity

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