Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
Highlights
IntroductionObesity is characterized as excessive weight gain, as a result of de novo adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) or the hypertrophy of existing ones [3]
Obesity is a global health threat [1] and the problem is constantly growing [2]
Since obesity is caused by white adipose tissue (WAT) outgrowth, we will focus on white adipogenesis
Summary
Obesity is characterized as excessive weight gain, as a result of de novo adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) or the hypertrophy of existing ones [3]. It is known that adipocytes develop from different perivascular subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which become committed preadipocytes and, later, adipocytes [7]. Adipose tissue consists of white, beige, and brown adipocytes, which develop [8] and function [9] differently. Since obesity is caused by white adipose tissue (WAT) outgrowth, we will focus on white adipogenesis. Some insights into beige and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are mentioned, one is recommended to find a profound review of them elsewhere [10,11,12,13,14]
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