Abstract
In the dry state, pigment particles are held together by forces of attraction of various physical and chemical natures including the von der Waals’ forces and the ‘liquid bridge’ force. These forces of attraction must be overcome in order to disperse pigment particles in liquid media. Dispersion machinery is designed to generate the energy required to overcome these forces of attraction. But, as a result of the presence of adhesion and cohesion within the dispersion system, the efficiency of the dispersion operation is dependent significantly on the effectiveness of the transfer of energy from the dispersion equipment to the oversized pigment particles. This paper explores, from a practical point of view, the nature and significance of the various forces between the pigment particles and the adhesion and cohesion phenomena associated with pigment dispersion. Also, the principles relevant to the improvement of the efficiency of pigment dispersion by minimisation of the adhesion between pigment particles and maximisation of the adhesion and cohesion within the dispersion system will be discussed.
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