Adhesion Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Mucin.

Keita Nishiyama,Takao Mukai,Makoto Sugiyama

doi:10.3390/microorganisms4030034

Keita Nishiyama, Takao Mukai + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4030034

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Journal: Microorganisms	Publication Date: Sep 20, 2016
Citations: 113	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Kitasato University

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive bacteria that are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mammals, including humans. Since Mechnikov first proposed that yogurt could prevent intestinal putrefaction and aging, the beneficial effects of LAB have been widely demonstrated. The region between the duodenum and the terminal of the ileum is the primary region colonized by LAB, particularly the Lactobacillus species, and this region is covered by a mucus layer composed mainly of mucin-type glycoproteins. The mucus layer plays a role in protecting the intestinal epithelial cells against damage, but is also considered to be critical for the adhesion of Lactobacillus in the GI tract. Consequently, the adhesion exhibited by lactobacilli on mucin has attracted attention as one of the critical factors contributing to the persistent beneficial effects of Lactobacillus in a constantly changing intestinal environment. Thus, understanding the interactions between Lactobacillus and mucin is crucial for elucidating the survival strategies of LAB in the GI tract. This review highlights the properties of the interactions between Lactobacillus and mucin, while concomitantly considering the structure of the GI tract from a histochemical perspective.

Highlights

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other mammals is inhabited by ~1014 bacteria from approximately 1000 or more different species, which continuously interact with their host as they grow and form a diverse microbiota [1,2,3]
Because murine species are commonly used as an in vivo experimental colonization model [22,26,27,28], we describe the structure of the GI tract mucosa from a histochemical perspective with comparison of the human and murine intestinal systems
As discussed in this review, lactobacilli exhibit various adhesive properties on mucin and mucin carbohydrate chains based on a wide variation of molecular structures

Summary

Introduction

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other mammals is inhabited by ~1014 bacteria from approximately 1000 or more different species, which continuously interact with their host as they grow and form a diverse microbiota [1,2,3]. As a form of deliberate administration, certain bacteria can be proactively consumed to directly or indirectly improve the microbiota, and this shows considerable potential for producing health-maintaining effects in humans and animals. In the last 10 years, the availability of a complete repertoire of tools for Lactobacillus genetics and the advancement of analytical techniques have markedly accelerated research on the molecular mechanisms used by Lactobacillus strains to recognize and adhere to mucin. Such mechanisms involve carbohydrate-protein interactions with the mucin chain through diverse adhesins associated with the bacterial cell surface, as previously described in several reviews [23,24,25]. We provide an updated review of the field while concurrently considering the structure of the GI tract mucosa from a histochemical perspective

Anatomy and Histology of the Mouse and Human GI Tracts

Mucin Biosynthesis

Mucin Adhesion Factors and Adhesion Mechanisms in Lactobacillus

Findings

Conclusions