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Abstract
The aim of this in vitro pilot study was to analyse the adhesion behaviour of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) when compared with titanium surfaces in an inflammatory environment under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of primary human osteoblasts/fibroblasts on titanium/PEEK samples were created. The gene expression of the LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the LPS receptor (toll-like receptor 4; TLR4) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunocytochemistry was used to obtain evidence for the distribution of LBP/TLR4 at the protein level of the extra-cellular-matrix-binding protein vinculin and the actin cytoskeleton. SEM images revealed that the osteoblasts and fibroblasts on the PEEK surfaces had adhesion characteristics comparable to those of titanium. The osteoblasts contracted under LPS incubation and a significantly increased LBP gene expression were detected. This was discernible at the protein level on all the materials. Whereas no increase of TLR4 was detected with regard to mRNA concentrations, a considerable increase in the antibody reaction was detected on all the materials. As is the case with titanium, the colonisation of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on PEEK samples is possible under pro-inflammatory environmental conditions and the cellular inflammation behaviour towards PEEK is lower than that of titanium.
Highlights
Three different material classes are available for implant systems: metallic materials, ceramics, and polymers such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
ImagesPEEK samples revealed that the surfaces had a characteristic grinding pattern (Figure 1A)
PEEK samples revealed that the surfaces had a characteristic grinding still visible
Summary
Three different material classes are available for implant systems: metallic materials (primarily titanium), ceramics, and polymers (plastics) such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK). 70%–80%, titanium and its alloys are the materials that are primarily used for implants [1]. The reasons for this are their excellent corrosion resistance and their high degree of mechanical stiffness and biocompatibility [2]. Universally used, for example, in orthopaedic surgery and is routinely employed when teeth are replaced with dental implants [3,4]. Recent in vitro studies show the cytotoxic effect of titanium debris on human cells [8]. Titanium has an elasticity value (110 GPa), which is 5–10 times higher than that of human bones
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