Abstract
The abalone is well known as a non-permanent adhesive organism, and its adhesion mechanism is beneficial to such areas as underwater robotics, high precision sensors, and intelligent devices. Firstly, we observe the posture response of an abalone under the action of different water flow conditions. The result shows that under a high velocity of water, it tends to make its tail comply with the water flow, and vice versa, under a low speed, its head tends to comply with the water flow. The finite element method (FEM) simulation is performed to display the stress field, which can reasonably explain this phenomenon, and the strength check is also made on the pedal and shell. Next, the critical velocity of water flow when the abalone is peeled from the substrate is calculated, where the CEL (Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian) method is used in simulation. At last, the adhesion behaviors of an abalone located in a trough or when it is behind an obstacle are explored. Most of these findings can be supported by the experimental results. This analysis is helpful to make a deep understanding on the adhesion behaviors of marine creatures.
Highlights
In nature, being faced with the threat from predators, all kinds of marine organisms are challenged with wild environments all the time
The adhesion behaviors of abalone under the action of fluid dynamics is comprehensively studied in this work
We observe that the abalone can adjust its posture in different water flows, and its tail tends to comply with the water flow
Summary
In nature, being faced with the threat from predators, all kinds of marine organisms are challenged with wild environments all the time. One typical method is the water sweeping, which has proved to be an effective approach to removing juvenile barnacles on the ship surface (Denny et al, 1985; Larsson et al, 2010) Another fouling organism is abalone, which has been less cared in the past decades. The abalone receives information through its eyes and cephalic tentacle (Wanichanon et al, 2004; Li et al, 2006), and once detecting potential threats it would cling tightly on the surface (Ahmed et al, 2005) In this situation the foot of abalone would generate a huge adhesion force, which is higher than many creatures, such as leech, clingfish and tree frog (Federle et al, 2006; Wainwright et al, 2013; Li et al, 2018b). In Substrate With Trough or Obstacle, the adhesion behaviors of an abalone located in a trough or an obstacle are thoroughly explored
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