Abstract
BackgroundAlthough adherence to “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension” (DASH) dietary pattern has been linked with reduced risk of several cancers. To our knowledge no studies have examined the association between the DASH dietary pattern and risk of gastric cancer. This study was performed to investigate the association between adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and odds of gastric cancer in Iran.MethodsThis hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 178 histo-pathologically confirmed patients with gastric cancer and 276 sex-matched healthy controls. A validated 146-item Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) was used to assess participants’ usual dietary intakes. The DASH dietary pattern scores were calculated using the method introduced by Fung. Unconditional logistic regression, in which potential confounders were taken into account, was applied to determine the association of adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and odds of gastric cancer.ResultsMean age of cases and controls were 60.8 and 53.2 y, respectively. After controlling for age, sex and energy intakes, participants in the highest tertile were 62% less likely to have gastric cancer than those in the lowest tertile (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.22,0.65; Ptrend < 0.004). Further adjustment for other potential confounders, including education, marital status, residential place, alcohol intake and smoking, did not change the association dramatically (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.25, 0.78; Ptrend = 0.005). Even after additional controlling for H-Pylori infection and BMI, greatest adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was associated with a 54% decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26, 0.83; Ptrend = 0.01).ConclusionsAdherence to the DASH dietary pattern was associated with lower gastric cancer risk in this case-control study.
Highlights
Adherence to “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension” (DASH) dietary pattern has been linked with reduced risk of several cancers
Characteristic of participants across tertiles of DASH diet score are provided in this table
When examined across tertiles of DASH diet score, we found that greater adherence to the DASH
Summary
Participants This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the Cancer Research Center, Imam Khomeini complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between May 2010 and June2012. DASH diet score were constructed based on nutrients and foods minimized or emphasized in the DASH dietary pattern It emphasizes high intake of fruit, vegetable, nuts, legumes, low fat dairy products, and whole grains and recommends low intake of sodium, sweetened beverages and red and processed meats [20, 41]. To determine the association of adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and odds of gastric cancer, we applied unconditional logistic regression models, in which several potential confounding variables were taken into account In these analyses, first we controlled for age (continuous), sex (male, female) and energy intake (continuous). To identify independent-of-obesity association between adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and gastric cancer, we adjusted for BMI (continuous) In all these analyses, the first tertile of DASH diet score was considered as a reference and the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for gastric cancer were calculated. All statistical analyses were carried out using STATA (STATA, version 14, State Corp., College station, TX)
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