ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND HYDRATION IN SPANISH AND MOROCCAN POPULATIONS

Abstract

southern European, Middle Eastern, and North African countries bordering the Mediterranean share dietary habits characterized by moderation and a variety of foods, notably fruit and vegetables. These customs are becoming modified due to social and economic changes. An adequate intake of water and other drinks is essential for a healthy diet. to study adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and bottled water/beverage consumption in two Mediterranean populations. adults from North-Western Morocco and Southern Spain (n = 400) completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The bottled waters they reported were then purchased locally (17 brands in Morocco, 30 in Southern Spain) for ionic-exchange chromatography study. cation values (mg/L) ranged from 140.16 to 439 for C, 53.15 to 87.5 for Mg, 1169.78 to 257.2 for Na, and 50.26 to 26.5 mg/L for K, i.e. waters with medium mineralization levels. No cation supplied > 7% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) in either population. MD adherence was higher in the Spanish (6.28 ± 1.38) versus Moroccan (4.42 ± 1.52) population. There is a substantial intake of water through the MD due to its elevated fruit/vegetable content. Consumption of bottled water, infusions, and juices was higher in the Moroccan population; consumption of beer and other alcoholic drinks was higher in the Spanish population. The total liquid consumption was higher in the Moroccan population. The drinks intake profile permits classification of the populations, with odds ratios ranging from 1.6 to 11.01 for a higher intake of juices, soft drinks, tea, bottled water, and total liquids in the Moroccan versus Spanish population.