Abstract
A proportion of breast cancer cases are attributable to combined modifiable risk factors. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has recently updated the recommendations for cancer prevention and a standard scoring system has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between compliance with the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations (Third Expert Report) and the risk of breast cancer in the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) prospective cohort. Spanish female university graduates, initially free of breast cancer, were included (n = 10,930). An 8-item score to measure compliance to the recommendations was built: body fat, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, “fast foods”, red/processed meat consumption, sugar-sweetened drinks consumption, alcohol intake, and breastfeeding. A stratified analysis was conducted according to menopausal status. A non-significant inverse association was observed for overall breast cancer. The inverse association became statistically significant for post-menopausal breast cancer after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for > 5 vs. ≤ 3 points = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.93). The results suggested that the possible inverse association with breast cancer was attributable to the combined effects of the different nutritional and lifestyle components.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed tumor around the world, representing11.6% of the total cancer cases [1]
Considering the scarce knowledge on the association between these updated recommendations and invasive breast cancer risk and the inexistence of prospective studies addressing this question, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between compliance with the 2018 guidelines of the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and the risk of breast cancer in the SUN
In the present large prospective study, an inverse association was observed between a higher adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and incidence of post-menopausal breast cancer
Summary
11.6% of the total cancer cases [1] In women, it was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in both developed and developing countries in 2018 [2]. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2076 variability in breast cancer incidence across Europe, breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in every European country and it is the first overall cause of death from cancer among women [3]. Both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors may increase the risk of breast cancer [4].
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