Adherence to Diabetes Self-Management Practices among Type Ii Diabetic Patients in Ethiopia; A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that affect the body’s ability to process and use sugar (glucose) for energy. Type II diabetes mellitus resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. The success of long-term maintenance therapy for diabetes depends largely on the patients’ adherence with self managements practices. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to diabetes self management practices and its associated factors among type II diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Method: institutional based cross sectional study was employed and 320 study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique. And the data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire; data was analyzed and cleaned using SPSS version 16. Scoring method was employed to classify patients’ self-care management practices level. The study period was from sept.2011 to May 30, 2012. Results: Of all respondents, 167 (52.2%) were female. Mean age of the respondents was 55.03 ± 10.7 years with minimum age of 30 and maximum age of 85. The mean duration of diabetes was 12.3+ 7.6 years with minimum of 6 months and maximum of 41 years. From the total respondents, one hundred and seventy (53.1%) were reported to have adhered to physical activities. Two hundred and thirteen (66.6%) respondents were reported to have adhered to the recommended diabetic foot care practices. Overall diabetes self- managements practices were reported as adhered in 178 (55.6%) respondents. Marital status, level of education, monthly income and diabetes complication were showed that association with their adherence condition to physical activity [P=0.047, AOR (95% CI)=2.99 (1.015-8.837) and P=0.006, AOR(95%CI)= 2.79(1.942-5.832)], [P=0.011, AOR (95% CI) = 2.74(1.069-7.064) and P=0.016, AOR (95%CI) = 1.79(1.1182.888)]. Gender and age were found to have association with adherence to diabetic foot care management practices [P=<0.001, AOR (95% CI) =2.03(1.256-3.297)] and [P=0.040, AOR (95% CI) =1.45(0.524-4.060)]. Gender, level of education, diabetes complication and age were showed that association with adherence level to overall diabetes self management practices [P=0.003, AOR (95% CI) =2.37 (1.353- 4.167) and P=0.009, AOR (95%CI) =3.69(1.390-9.830)], [P=<0.001, AOR (95% CI) =2.509 (1.535-4.104)], [P=0.013, AOR (95% CI) =0.46 (0.241-0.879)] Conclusion: findings of this study showed that Almost half of the respondents were adhered to physical activity regimen, diabetes foot care and over all diabetes self managements practices. Marital status, level of education, monthly income, presence or absence of diabetes complication, age were the factors affecting to those diabetes self managements practices