Adherence to antiretroviral therapy by adults living with HIV/aids: a cross-sectional study.

Mariana De Morais Fortunato Miranda,Dayanne Rakelly De Oliveira,Glauberto Da Silva Quirino,Célida Juliana De Oliveira,Maria Lúcia Duarte Pereira,Edilma Gomes Rocha Cavalcante

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0019

Mariana De Morais Fortunato Miranda, Dayanne Rakelly De Oliveira + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0019

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Abstract

To verify the association between adherence to antiretroviral treatment by adults with HIV/AIDS and sociodemographic factors, social and clinical support. Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. Participation of 230 patients. Questionnaires of sociodemographic characterization, social and clinical support, and assessment of adherence to antiretroviral treatment were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Adherence was classified as good/adequate. An association with sex, income, employment, and level of education was noted. In social support: having access to health services; communication with health professionals; health education; having support to allow venting/talking about issues; information on HIV/AIDS; and company for leisure. In the clinical profile: non-interruption of the drug treatment due to absence from the service or due to changes in the medical prescription. Adherence was classified as good/adequate and especially associated with social support factors, which should be enhanced in clinical practice.

Highlights

In tackling HIV, Brazil made a commitment to the World Health Organization (WHO) to reach the 90-90-90 goal by 2020, in which 90% of people with HIV are diagnosed, of those, 90% are in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and, among these, 90% have an undetectable viral load
As for the factors associated with adherence, a literature review identified that individual aspects, such as socioeconomic, psychosocial and health conditions, life habits, neuropsychological aspects, and religiosity, interfere in this process, as well as the characteristics of the treatment, which include medication regimen, adverse effects, period of use, strategies to remind users to take the medication, time since the first ART, diagnosis, and cost[2]
Two-hundred and thirty adults living with HIV/AIDS participated in the study; the majority were male (58.3%) and heterosexual (73.1%), aged between 18 and 39 years (49.6%); brown (66.1%); lived with spouse/partner (41.3%), with an average of 1.85 children per person

Summary

Introduction

In tackling HIV, Brazil made a commitment to the World Health Organization (WHO) to reach the 90-90-90 goal by 2020, in which 90% of people with HIV are diagnosed, of those, 90% are in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and, among these, 90% have an undetectable viral load. Such a situation requires continuous care by incorporating the timely diagnosis, bonding, monitoring, and periodic examinations by the user, adherence to treatment, and suppression of viral load. Social support, which influences the level of adherence and requires health services to establish effective intervention plans[2]

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