Abstract
A Mediterranean-style diet is a healthy eating pattern that may benefit cancer risk, but evidence among Americans is scarce. We examined the prospective association between adherence to such a diet pattern and total cancer risk. A Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MSDP) score was derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at exam 5 (1991–1995). Subjects included 2966 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study who were free of prevalent cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric measures. Cox-models were also used to examine effect modification by lifestyle and anthropometric measures. During 18 years of median follow-up, 259 women and 352 men were diagnosed with cancer. Women with moderate or higher adherence to the MSDP had ≥25% lower risks of cancer than women with the lowest MSDP (HR (moderate vs. lowest): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52–0.97 and HR (highest vs. lowest): 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55–0.99). The association between MSDP score and cancer risk in men was weaker except in non-smokers. Beneficial effects of the MSDP in women were stronger among those who were not overweight. In this study, higher adherence to MSDP was associated with lower cancer risk, especially among women.
Highlights
In each of these analyses, we explored the effects of a higher (≥19) vs. lower (
0.47–0.96), but the p-values for trend were not statistically significant. Additiona those with higher MSDP scores. We found that those with higher MSDP scores women with moderate intakes of fruit, eggs, and potatoes and those who us who were non-smokers had the lowest risk of cancer (HR: 0.55; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.36–0.84)
We observed that consuming a diet consistent with the principles of the Mediterranean diet was associated with reductions in total cancer risk among healthy adults aged 30 years or older but especially among women
Summary
The American Institute for Cancer Research (2018) report [1] recommends a healthy dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains while limiting consumption of added sugars and red and processed meats. Many of these recommendations are consistent with a Mediterranean-style diet, which has been suggested in the United. The diet in Crete prior to1960 is often considered the model for a traditional Mediterranean diet. It is characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and non–refined cereals and grain products
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